{"id":210,"date":"2022-10-05T10:08:23","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T02:08:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.taiyang.space\/?p=210"},"modified":"2022-10-16T21:35:42","modified_gmt":"2022-10-16T13:35:42","slug":"tcp-ip%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e7%ae%80%e8%bf%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.taiyang.space\/?p=210","title":{"rendered":"TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7b80\u8ff0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. \u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u8baf\u9886\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d0\u53ca \u201c\u534f\u8bae\u201d \u4e00\u8bcd\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6709HTTP\u3001TCP\u3001IP\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u5148\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u79cd \u201c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u201d\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u5382\u5546\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CPU\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8bf4\u6c49\u8bed\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ea6\u5b9a\u597d \u90fd\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6587\u6216\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u6c9f\u901a\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4e24\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u540c\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>2. \u534f\u8bae\u5206\u5c42<\/h2>\n<p>TCP\/IP \u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u56e0\u7279\u7f51 (Internet) \u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002 TCP\/IP \u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)\u548cUDP(User Datagram Protocol)\u534f\u8bae\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5176\u4e2dTCP\u63d0\u4f9bIP\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4f20\u9001\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u6709\u6548\u6d41\u63a7\u3001\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u591a\u8def\u590d \u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u901a\u4fd7\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u4e3a\u6240\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u8f9f\u51fa\u8fde\u63a5\u597d\u7684\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\uff1b\u800cUDP\u5219\u4e0d\u4e3aIP\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001 \u6d41\u63a7\u6216\u5dee\u9519\u6062\u590d\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cTCP\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u800cUDP\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5219\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u4f4e\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002 TCP\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1aTelnet\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP\u7b49\uff1b UDP\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1aNFS\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3001SNMP\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u3001DNS\uff08\u4e3b\u57df\u540d\u79f0\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3001TFTP\uff08\u901a\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u7b49\u3002 TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u4f4e\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662fTCP\/IP\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>TCP(Transimision Control Protocol)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u4f4e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>UDP(User Datagram Protocol)<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/li>\n<li>\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u9ad8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>3. TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf<\/h2>\n<p>TCP\/IP\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\u548cIP\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u521d\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5927\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picture.chentaiyang.space\/PicGo202210051002500.png\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" alt=\"img\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>3.1 OSI\u6a21\u578b\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u4e3e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>OSI\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u4e92\u8fde\u7684\u4e03\u5c42\u6846\u67b6\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0e\u76f8\u90bb\u5c42\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u901a\u4fe1\u3002OSI\u6a21\u578b\u5404\u5c42\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picture.chentaiyang.space\/PicGo202210051002859.webp\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" alt=\"img\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u662fInternet\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u4e03\u5c42ISO\u6a21\u578b\u3002OSI\u6a21\u578b\u5171\u6709\u4e03\u5c42\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0b\u5230\u4e0a\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42\u3001\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e03\u5c42\u88ab\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3002TCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f9d\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u5f52\u5c5e\u5230\u8fd9<strong>\u56db\u5c42<\/strong>\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u8fc7\u540e\u7684\u4e03\u5c42OSI\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picture.chentaiyang.space\/PicGo202210051002820.png\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" alt=\"img\"><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picture.chentaiyang.space\/PicGo202210131549581.png\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" alt=\"PicGo202210051002693\"><\/p>\n<h4>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5305\u62ec\uff1aTelnet\u3001FTP\u3001HTTP\u3001SNMP\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u8868\u793a\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u9002\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5c42\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8868\u793a\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u8d1f\u8d23\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u65ad\u5f00\u901a\u4fe1\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u901a\u8def\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u5272\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u7ba1\u7406\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\uff08\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u5730\u5740\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9, \u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff08packet\uff09\uff08\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e92\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9001\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\u5e27\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>\u7269\u7406\u5c42<\/h4>\n<p>\u4ee5&#8221;0&#8243;\u3001 &#8220;1&#8221;\u4ee3\u8868\u7535\u538b\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u706f\u5149\u7684\u95ea\u706d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u79f0\u4e3a\u6bd4\u7279\uff08bit\uff09,\uff08\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5668\u3001\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\u4e5f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 \u9762\u5411\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u8f93<\/h3>\n<p>TCP<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picture.chentaiyang.space\/PicGo202210051002558.png\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" alt=\"img\"><\/p>\n<p>\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6536\u53d1\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6761\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u4f20\u8f93\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u53d1\u9001\u65e0\u8c13\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u9762\u5411\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u8f93<\/h3>\n<p>UDP<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/picture.chentaiyang.space\/PicGo202210051002854.png\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\" alt=\"img\"><\/p>\n<p>\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u6536\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\u8ddf\u6211\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u8981\u4e22\u51fa\u53bb\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>5. TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b<\/h2>\n<h3>5.1 \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u7b80\u8ff0\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6666\u6da9\u96be\u61c2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A: \u5582,\u4f60\u542c\u5f97\u89c1\u4e48?<\/li>\n<li>B: \u6211\u542c\u5f97\u89c1\u5440,\u4f60\u542c\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u4e48?<\/li>\n<li>A: \u6211\u80fd\u542c\u5230\u4f60<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u65c1\u767d: \u4e8e\u662f,\u4ed6\u4eec\u6109\u5feb\u5730\u804a\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff08\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u975e\u5f97\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b,\u4e0d\u80fd2\u6b21\u4e48?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A: \u5582,\u4f60\u542c\u5f97\u89c1\u4e48?<\/li>\n<li>B: \u6211\u542c\u5f97\u89c1\u5440,\u4f60\u542c\u5f97\u5230\u6211\u4e48?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u65c1\u767d: B\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053A\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u542c\u89c1\u5440<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>5.2 \u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b<\/h3>\n<p>\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A: \u6211\u8981\u6302\u7535\u8bdd\u4e86\u54c8,\u4f60\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e48?<\/li>\n<li>B: \u54e6,\u7a0d\u7b49\u4f1a,\u4f60\u521a\u8bf4\u7684\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u641e\u6e05\u695a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u65c1\u767d: \u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>B: \u6211\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e86,\u90a3\u6302\u4e86\u5427,\u4f60\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e48?<\/li>\n<li>A: \u6ca1\u4e86,\u6302\u5427<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u65c1\u767d: \u4e8e\u662fB\u5c31\u6302\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd,A\u7b49\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u5230B\u8bb2\u8bdd,\u4e5f\u6302\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd.\uff08\u4fdd\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8981\u4e0d\u8bf4TCP\u5b89\u5168\u7a33\u5b9a\u5462<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u672c\u6587\u5b8c<br \/>\n\u656c\u7231\u4e0e\u660e\u5929\ud83c\udf39<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7fa4\u7b80\u8ff0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[77,75,76,53,36],"class_list":["post-210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15","tag-tcp","tag-tcp-ip","tag-udp","tag-53","tag-36"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.0 - 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